Krio GriotNAMED, NOT COUNTED

Names I hold

Sidɔm,
a sabi usay yu kɔmɔt.

I hold what survived of your line. I will say each name, and tell you every hand it passed through to reach you.

Elias Perrin

Name spoken aloudWaveform of the name being said.

c. 1848 — Alabama · enslaved, then free

FREEDMEN'S BUREAU LABOR CONTRACT · 1867

DocumentedSolid ring with filled centre. DOCUMENTED · I HOLD THE RECORD

Charlotte Dixon

Name spoken aloudWaveform of the name being said.

c. 1839 — South Carolina · named in a deed of freedom

MANUMISSION DEED · CHARLESTON, 1863

DocumentedSolid ring with filled centre. DOCUMENTED · I HOLD THE RECORD

Mariama

Name spoken aloudWaveform of the name being said.

No surname held — Sierra Leone · kept in speech for four generations

SPOKEN BY HER GRANDDAUGHTER · NO PAPER SURVIVES

CarriedRing drawn as long linked segments. CARRIED · HANDED TO ME BY MOUTH

Name not recorded

Female, age 14 — Alabama · counted, never named

SLAVE SCHEDULE · 1860

AbsentFinely dotted open ring. ABSENT · I WILL NOT INVENT HER
a glimmer when a name is held

WHO CARRIED THIS NAME TO YOU

Chain of custody for one name Five points read top to bottom from 1860 to today: counted but not named on an 1860 slave schedule, the break in the record, the 1867 Freedmen's Bureau contract that named him, a personal letter kept in 1911, a granddaughter who kept the name in speech in 1974, and you in the present. 1860 counted, not named the break 1867 bureau clerk names him 1911 a letter kept 1974 granddaughter, spoken today you

100+

PLACES I LOOK

4

RECORD SYSTEMS, LINKED

1870

THE BREAK, CROSSED

7

WAYS OF KNOWING

The hardest problem in American genealogy

Where the census stops,
I keep going.

In 1870 the federal census named formerly enslaved people as free individuals for the first time. Before that year, most tools go quiet. These are the record sets that name your people through the break — and where they name no one, I say so.

BEFORE 1870

Enslaved people were counted and not named. Standard platforms have no path forward from here.

THE
WALL

RECONSTRUCTION-ERA RECORDS

Five record sets that do name them. I search, extract, and organize all five — and grade what each one can actually prove.

Freedmen's Bureau Records

1865 – 1872

DocumentedSolid ring with filled centre. DOCUMENTED

Labor contracts, marriage registers, apprenticeship records, ration rolls, and medical logs from the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands. Often the earliest paper anywhere to hold an ancestor's full name, family structure, and location.

Full namesFamily membersPlantation of originLabor terms

Antebellum Slave Schedules

1850 & 1860 CENSUS

InferredDashed ring with hollow centre. INFERRED

These name no one. I read age, sex, and physical description against known slaveholders, neighbouring plantations, and post-war Bureau papers to bridge the anonymity — and every crossing is marked as reasoning, never as fact.

Age matchingSlaveholder linksCounty cross-reference

Freedom Certificates & Manumission Records

1780s – 1865

DocumentedSolid ring with filled centre. DOCUMENTED

Court registries, deeds of freedom, and physical description records for free people of colour before emancipation. These often carry family relationships, ages, and the name of whoever granted freedom — a direct link into slaveholder records.

Physical descriptionsDeed referencesGrantor names

Freedman's Savings & Trust Registers

1865 – 1874

DocumentedSolid ring with filled centre. DOCUMENTED

The richest paper of the era. One depositor entry can list immediate family by name, military regiment, birthplace, former enslaver, and current address — a single record can open an entire branch.

Immediate kinshipUSCT regimentBirthplaceFormer enslaver

"Information Wanted" Advertisements

1865 – 1900

OralSmall ring flanked by two arcs. TESTIMONY

Placed in Black newspapers by freedpeople searching for family separated during slavery. Each one names individuals, former slaveholders, and last known locations — the closest thing we have to a migration and separation tracker, written by the people it happened to.

Migration routesSeparation eventsLast known location

Seven ways of knowing

I will always tell you how I know.

A griot who guesses is not a griot. Every name I give you carries the mark of how it reached me — held in a record, reasoned from evidence, spoken by kin, disputed between sources, carried across a gap where no paper survived, or missing entirely. I will not fill a silence to make you feel better.

DocumentedSolid ring with filled centre.
Documented
I HOLD THE RECORD
InferredDashed ring with hollow centre.
Inferred
I REASONED IT
OralSmall ring flanked by two arcs.
Oral
KIN TOLD ME
CarriedRing drawn as long linked segments.
Carried
HANDED DOWN
ContestedTwo facing arcs that do not close.
Contested
SOURCES DIFFER
AbsentFinely dotted open ring.
Absent
THE SILENCE NAMED
SyntheticRing crossed by an X.
Synthetic
MACHINE-MADE

What I do when you ask

Three hands. One workspace.

I work three ways at once — searching, reading, and drawing the line. Each one feeds the others, so nothing you find has to be typed twice.

01 · I SEARCH

The research assistant

Give me a name and what little you know. I search your own records alongside the archives I connect to directly — starting with Enslaved.org — and tell you plainly which ones answered. More archives join as each one gets a real connection, not a guess standing in for one.

Direct archive searchEnslaved.org connectedHonest when nothing answers

02 · I READ

The archive scanner

Bring me a scan, a photograph, a letter, a deed. I read the hand, pull the names, dates, and places, and file them to archival standard without you typing a word. A box of loose paper becomes a collection you can search.

Handwriting readMetadata filledLinked to kin

03 · I DRAW THE LINE

The family tree

Add each person once and the line draws itself — every person, every connection, every date. Move through it, search it, open anyone to edit without leaving the view. Where a parent is missing, connect them and the branch redraws.

Edit in placeConnect on the canvas

Four databases sit underneath all of it. Every table is editable in the cell — filter, sort, bulk-select — and every record is linked to every other.

Ancestors Directory

ONE ROW PER PERSON

The central directory for everyone in your tree — names and spellings, life status, birth and death, family connections, and DNA matches with shared cMs.

Name & aliasesLife statusBirth / death / burialFamily linksDNA cM valuesGeneration & line
Historical Events Timeline

ONE ROW PER LIFE EVENT

Each moment gets its own row — a birth, a land deed, an enlistment, an emancipation filing, a marriage. Rows stack chronologically with a citation on every one.

Event typeEvent dateLocationSource citationLinked ancestorEvidence grade
Research Log

CONTINUOUS AUDIT TRAIL

A permanent record of every search — which databases, which keywords, what date, and the result: found, not found, or inconclusive. Negative results are kept, not discarded.

Research questionDatabases searchedKeywords usedResult statusLinked ancestorGPS checklist
Digital Archive

SCANNED FILES + EXTRACTED METADATA

Where your uploads live as archival records — the original file, the text read from it, the metadata filed to standard, and links to every ancestor the document names.

Uploaded fileOCR transcriptMetadata tagsFormat & conditionLinked ancestorsCollection

Plans

Start free. Go deeper when you are ready.

Every account begins as a free workspace. Build your tree, enter what you have, and see what the research engine does before you pay anything.

STARTER

Free

$0forever

The digital replacement for paper worksheets. Build your tree, enter records by hand, and see what the research engine does.

WHAT YOU GET

  • Interactive family tree
  • Edit and connect relationships on the tree
  • DNA match entry forms, entered manually
  • 100 database lookups per month, public-domain databases
  • 1 research engine search per month
  • 5 Archive Scanner scans in total
  • 500 MB storage

NOT INCLUDED

  • Automated research logging
  • Persistent research log and source database
  • Monthly Archive Scanner scans
Start free

ACTIVE RESEARCHER · MOST CHOSEN

Basic

$35per month

Automates the paperwork and organizes the research process. Built for one family historian working a specific lineage.

EVERYTHING IN FREE, PLUS

  • 200 database lookups per month, across 50 core historical and African American databases
  • 12 research engine searches per month
  • Automated research log
  • Full pedigree and DNA match tracking
  • Sources and citations database
  • Research questions tracker, GPS standard
  • 100 Archive Scanner scans per month
  • 5 GB secure storage
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POWER RESEARCHER AND ARCHIVIST

Upgrade

$57per month

Deeper analysis and larger collections, for professional genealogists and large family collections.

EVERYTHING IN BASIC, PLUS

  • 300 database lookups per month, across all 100+ databases, including deep-web state and local archives
  • 25 research engine searches per month
  • Advanced analytics: spelling variants, naming patterns, brick-wall strategies
  • 400 Archive Scanner scans per month
  • 100 GB storage
Get Upgrade

No contracts. Cancel anytime.

FULL COMPARISON

Feature comparison across the Free, Basic, and Upgrade plans
Feature Free$0 Basic$35 PER MONTH Upgrade$57 PER MONTH
RESEARCH TOOLS
Database lookups per month100200300
Databases5 to 10 public-domain50 coreAll 100+
Research engine searches per month11225
Automated research log—
ARCHIVE SCANNER
Archive Scanner scans5 in total100 per month400 per month
STORAGE
Storage500 MB5 GB100 GB
✓Done